Face and Face Parts Detection in Image Processing

This paper based on a procedure for automatically detecting one ormore human faces, eyes pair, nose, mouth in colour images. This is dependingon two-method which first detects regions of face, eyes pair, nose, mouth containhuman skin in the colour image and then extracts information from these regionsand then detect the regions which include face, eyes pair, mouth, nose in thecolour image. The face, eyes pair, mouth, nose identified is completed on acolour image having only the identified image parts. An arrangement of threshholding and calculated values and some functions are used to remove itemstructures that would show the existence of an identified area

A Spatial 3 X 3 Average Filter for De-Noising in Digital Images with the Help of Median Filter

Digital image processing includes many factors like Image enhancement, segmentation, object recognition, removal of noise and many more. Noise removal is the one of the hot area of image processing. Noise can be minimized but cannot removed completely. Scientist and researchers has established many filters, which can minimize the noise in the image and enhance its quality. There are many types of noise and many types of filter for the removal of noise. Many types of noise are used. To remove these types of noise, 3 x 3 average filter is used in this paper and its efficiency is measured. The simulations are performed on the MATLAB

Knowledge Attitude and Practices of adolescent youth regarding Hepatitis B & C in district Hyderabad

Introduction: Globally Hepatitis B and C is a major public health problem & potential cause of substantial morbidity and mortality. Pakistan has been rated among countries which are endemic for hepatitis B and C where disease burden is high. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted from June- August 2006 in government colleges of district Hyderabad. 243 students were interviewed by using a pre-tested, closed ended questionnaire. The variables assessed were regarding knowledge, attitude and practice towards hepatitis B & C Results: 243 students were approached for interviewed. 10% (n=25) knew that hepatitis is caused by virus. 84% (n=205) agreed that it is transmitted from one person to another person. Among these 29% (n=71) agreed on reuse of syringes, 19% (n=47) attributed unscreened blood transfusion, 18% (n=44) consider reuse of blade and sexual intercourse as a mode of transmission. 45% (n=110) mentioned it as preventable disease, in this group 17% (n=42) advocated safe sex practices, 15% (n=37) stated vaccination, 12% (n=30) recommended use of new disposable syringe, 10% (n=25) advocated use of new blade and 8% (n=20) stressed screening of blood before transfusion. 71% (n=173) & 68% (n=166) respondents used new syringe & new blade respectively. 29% (n=71) were vaccinated against Hepatitis B. Television was the leading source of information. Conclusion: Students’ knowledge regarding Hepatitis is low, but their preventive practices are good. Majority of students were unvaccinated against Hepatitis B. Messages about Hepatitis may be incorporated in media to increase the level of awareness.   Key Words: KAP, Youth, Hepatiti

Is "Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes” Always Benign?

How to Cite This Article: Saeed M, Azam M, Shabbir N, Qamar ShA. Is "Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes" Always Benign? Iran J Child Neurol. 2014 Summer;8(3): 39-45.AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of associated behavioral problems and prognosis with Benign Childhood Epilepsy with CentroTemporal Spikes (BCECTS).Descriptive, Cross Sectional study that was conducted from October 2009 to April 2013 in the Department of Pediatric Neurology, the Children’s Hospital Taif, KSA.Material & MethodsThis study was conducted after approval from the Ethics Committee of the Children’s Hospital Taif, Saudi Arabia. Thirty-two patients from the age of 3 to 10 years old were recruited from the pediatric neurology clinic over a period of 4 years. All the patients were selected based on history, EEGs, and neuropsychological and neurological examinations.EEGs were performed for all the patients while in awake and sleep states. Those who had centrotemporal discharges were included in the study. All the patients also underwent a brain MRI. Only two patients had mild cortical atrophy but developmentally they were normal.ResultsIn our study, prevalence of BRE is 32/430 (7.44%). Among the 32 cases, 24 were male and eight were female. Six cases out of 32 indicated a family history of BRE. Twenty-eight cases had unilateral right sided centrotemporal discharges and four had bilateral discharges.ConclusionIt is possible that for BECTS, a high number of seizures might play an important role in the development of mild cognitive impairment and/or behavior disturbances.ReferencesBradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel JM, Jahrovic J. Neurology of clinical practice. 5th Ed. 2009: pp. 1953-1990.Berg AT, Berkovic SF, Brodie MJ, Buchhalter J, Cross H, Van Emde Boas M, et al: Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: Report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005–2009. Epilepsia. 2010; 51(4):676-685.Weglage J, Demsky A, Pietsch M. Neuropsychological, intellectual, and behavioral findings in patients with centrotemporal spikes with and without seizures. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1997; 39:646.Kramer U. Atypical presentations of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: a review. 2008. J. Child Neurol 23 (7): 785–90.Chahine LM, Mikati MA. Benign pediatric localizationrelated epilepsies. Epileptic Disord. 2006. 8(4): 243–58.Danielsson J, Petermann F. Cognitive deficits in children with benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood or rolandic discharges: a study of children between 4 and 7 years of age with and without seizures compared with healthy controls. Epilepsy Behav. 2009; 16:646–651.Ay Y, Gokben S, Serdaroglu G, Polat M, Tosun A, Tekgul H, et al. Neuropsychologic impairment in children with rolandic epilepsy. Pediatr Neurol. 2009; 41:359–363.Wirrell E, Sherman EM, Vanmastrigt R, Hamiwka L. Deterioration in cognitive function in children with benign epilepsy of childhood with central temporal spikes treated with sulthiame. J Child Neurol. 2008; 23:14–21.Lundberg S, Eeg-Olofsson O. Rolandic epilepsy: a challenge in terminology and classification, European Journal of Paediatric Neurology. 2003; 7: 239–241.Bouma PA, Bovenkerk AC, Westendorp RG, Brouwer OF. The course of benign partial epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes: a meta-analysis. Neurology. 1997;48:430-437.Deltour L, Quaglino V, Barathon M, De Broca A, Berquin P. Clinical evaluation of attentional processes in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS) Epileptic Disord. 2007; 9:424–431.Nicolai J, Aldenkamp AP, Arends J, Weber JW, Vles JS. Cognitive and behavioral effects of nocturnal epileptiform discharges in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Epilepsy Behav. 2006; 8:56–70.Goldberg-Stern H, Gonen OM, Sadeh M, Kivity S, Shuper A, Inbar D. Neuropsychological aspects of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Seizure. 2010; 19:12–16.Genizi J, Shamay-Tsoory SG, Shahar E, Yaniv S, Aharon- Perez J. Impaired social behavior in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. J Child Neurol. 2012; 27:156–161.Zenkov LR, Konstantinov PA, Shiriaeva IIu, Miasnikov VN, Sirazitdinova EB, Shevel’chisnkiĭ SI. Mental and behavioral disorders in idiopathic focal epileptiform spikes. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S Korsakova. 2007; 107:39–49.Winckler MIB, Rotta NT. Prognostic factors for recurrence of a first seizure during childhood. Arq Neuropsiquiatr.1997; 55:749-756.Holmes GL. Rolandic epilepsy: clinical and electroencephalographic features. In: Degen R, Dreifuss FE, editors. Benign localized and generalized epilepsies of early childhood. Amsterdam: Elsevier ;1992: p.29-43.Gregory DL, Wong PKH. Clinical relevance of a dipole field in rolandic spikes. Epilepsia. 1992; 33:36-44.Bouma PAD, Bovenkerk AC, Westendorp RGJ, Brouwer OF. The course of benign partial epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes: a meta- analysis. Neurology. 1997; 48: 430-437.Fejerman N, Caraballo R, Tenembaum S. Atypical evolutions of benign -localization-related epilepsies in children: are they predictable? Epilepsia. 2000; 4: 380-390.Peters JM, Camfield CS, Camfield PR. Population study of benign rolandic epilepsy: is treatment needed? Neurology. 2001; 57: 537-539.Holmes GL. Rolandic epilepsy: clinical and electroencephalographic features. In Degen R, Dreifuss FE. editors. Benign localized and generalized epilepsies of early childhood. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1992:p. 29-43.Laub MC, Funke R, Kirsch CM, Oberst U. BECT: comparison of cerebral blood flow imaging, neuropsychological testing and long-term EEG findings. Epilepsy Res Suppl. 1992;6:95-98.Coppola G. Cognitive and linguistic abnormalities in benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. Acta Paediatr. 2011;100(5):768-772.Sarco DP, Boyer K, Lundy-Krigbaum SM, Takeoka M, Jensen F, Gregas M, Waber DP. Benign rolandic epileptiform discharges are associated with mood and behavior problems. Epilepsy Behav. 2011;22 (2):298-303.Jones JE, Watson R, Sheth R, Caplan R, Koehn M, Seidenberg M, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity in children with new onset epilepsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007;49:493-7.Austin JK, Harezlak J, Dunn DW, Huster GA, Rose DF, Ambrosius WT. Behavior problems in children before first recognized seizures. Pediatrics. 2001; 107:115-22.Bhise VV, Burack GD, Mandelbaum DE. Baseline cognition, behavior, and motor skills in children with new-onset, idiopathic epilepsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010;52:22-6.Kavros PM, Clarke T, Strug LJ, Halperin JM, Dorta NJ, Pal DK. Attention impairment in rolandic epilepsy: systematic review. Epilepsia. 2008; 49:1570-80.Beaussart M. Benign epilepsy of children with Rolandic (centro-temporal) paroxysmal foci: A clinical entity: Study of 221 cases. 1972. Epilepsia 13 (6): 795–811.

Suicide Rate Predictions In Pakistan By using Neural Networks

Suicide is the understudied subject in Pakistan that is a cause of death all over the world. Seventy-fivepercent of suicide occurs in LMIC.In Pakistan information about suicide is limited. The study is about tofind the number of suicide from major cities of Pakistan and then predict the number of suicides by usingNeural Networks Algorithm. About 24639 cases were found in our research from 2001-18 in majorcities of Pakistan. Hanging and poisoning were the most common methods of suicide. The peak age ofsuicide committers was 20-35 included males and females. The lowest number of suicide was inBahawalpur (130 from 2001 to 2018) and the Highest was in Lahore (5925 from 2001 to 2018)

How Knowledge and Financial Self-Efficacy Moderate the Relationship between Money Attitudes and Personal Financial Management Behavior

This study finds the impact of money attitudes on the personal financial management behavior and check the moderating effect of financial knowledge and financial self-efficacy on their relationship. The sample for this research was young adults (University students) who were also employed. From five universities where two universities were from the public sector  and three were from private sector 500 respondents were selected through purposive sampling. Hierarchal Regression and factor analysis were employed to derive the results. The following are the results which are generated from this research study. Money attitudes and Financial Knowledge have a significant positive impact on the personal financial management behavior of young adults, and financial knowledge has a positive moderating impact on the relationship of money attitudes & personal financial management behavior. It was found that 20.9% Personal Financial Management Behavior is explained by money attitudes at significance level of 5 %. Financial Self-efficacy has a positive impact on the personal financial management behavior and it has positive moderating impact on the relationship of money attitudes & personal financial management behavior

The Impact of Parents' Education on Child Health from the perspective of Demographic and Health Survey

The prevalence of underweight at 31 % and stunting at 44 % among under 5 children indicates poor child health situation in Pakistan. Although many significant covariates of malnutrition have been outlined in past studies, most of them do not signify parents’ education as a composite factor to affect child malnutrition. Hence, this research will investigate the impact of parents’ education on malnutrition, controlling for other socio-demographic and behavioral confounders. This study will construct logistical regression modeling using an analytical framework for empirical analysis using a data set of 3199 selected mothers produced birth cards at the survey time, retrieved from the latest Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012-13. Among empirical outcomes, parents’ education, household economic rank and environmental settings have significant influence on underweight and stunted infants. The interesting point is that likelihood of stunting growth is relatively less reduced than that of underweight growth when one parent with secondary and second with primary level of education, but, underweight hazard is decreased little less as only one parent is with primary level of education comparing with stunting risk. Highly educated parents have similar likelihood of acute and chronic malnutrition. Rich households appeared little more effective to cause stunted kids than underweight ones. Furthermore, moderate environment setting significantly generates a higher risk of underweight relative to stunting hazard for the kids. These outcomes suggest that parents’ education should be targeted in the public health policies to scale up child nutrition in both time span

Dealing a Neonate with CHARGE Syndrome: Anaesthesia perspective of perioperative care

CHARGE syndrome is a condition that can disturb numerous areas of human body. As an abbreviation CHARGE stands for: coloboma, heart defects, atresia choanae, and retardation of growth, genital, and ear abnormalities. The configuration of malformations differs among individuals with this disorder, and the various health issues can be life-threatening during infancy and childhood. Affected individuals typically have several main features or a combination of major and minor appearances. Here we are presenting a case report of a neonate with CHARGE syndrome who underwent successful repair of choanal atresia under general anaesthesia with invasive monitoring

Globally Published Literature on Library and Information Science Professionals: A Bibliometric Review ( 1970-2021)

The study targets examining the exploration yield on the key terms of librarianship within 52 years (1970-2021). The investigation cover essentially the quantity of articles, language of articles, top research oriented organizations and countries, topmost publication source, highly productive authors, highly interested research area, commonly used keyword and so forth. A complete bibliometric study was directed utilizing the Science Citation Index data set, Web of Science (Core Collection). This research fills in as an asset for future research activities by revealing insight into librarianship.  In particular, the outcomes uncover that the mostly chosen publication category is article and the research referred to articles are from United States and the top productive organization is also from USA. The preferred language is English for publications and the most favored research area is the “Information Science Library Science” during this time span. This bibliometric research is significant for all those researchers who relates to librarianship and who need to see the publication trends in this profession

Focused abdominal CT scan for acute appendicitis in children: can it help in need

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the focused abdominal CT scan [FACT] in clinically equivocal cases of acute appendicitis in paediatric population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Radiology Department of Aga Khan Hospital, from August 2007 to November 2008. A total of 84 patients (42 males & 42 females) with clinically equivocal signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis referred to radiology department for CT evaluation were studied. CT findings were compared with histopathology and clinical follow-up. RESULTS: The sensitivity of focused CT for acute appendicitis was 91%; specificity was 69% and accuracy of 76% while PPV and NPV were 58%, 94% respectively. CONCLUSION: Focused unenhanced CT is a quick, accurate and non invasive modality for the assessment of clinically equivocal cases of acute appendicitis for ruling out patients and reducing negative appendectomies